Vietnam treasures traditional friendship with Romania: PM

  Friday, July 30, 2021

 Vietnam attaches importance to its traditional friendship with Romania, which has been nurtured by generations of leaders and people of both countries over the past more than seven decades, Prime Minister Pham Minh Chinh has said.

 

Receiving Romanian Ambassador to Vietnam Cristina Romila in Hanoi on July 30, PM Chinh spoke highly of positive development steps in the Vietnam-Romania relations over the past years, reflected through the exchange of delegations at all levels, especially the high-level ones, as well as between ministries, agencies and localities of the two countries

He thanked the Romanian Government for its donation of 100,800 doses of AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine to Vietnam, which, he said, demonstrates the time-honored friendship between the two countries, as well as the wholehearted and close-knit ties between the two peoples.

The PM expressed his belief that the timely and valuable support will practically contribute to Vietnam’s COVID-19 fight, and suggested the Romanian side consider transferring its abundant vaccines to Vietnam as much and as soon as possible.

The ambassador promised to convey the Vietnamese Government’s proposal to Romania’s high-ranking leaders for consideration.

PM Chinh also thanked Romania for its support in accelerating the signing of the EU-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement (EVFTA) and the EU-Vietnam Investment Protection Agreement (EVIPA) when the country held the rotating EU Presidency in June 2019. Romania was also one of the first three EU countries to ratify the EVIPA, he added.

The PM urged the ambassador to coordinate with Vietnamese and Romanian ministries and agencies to effectively implement a number of orientations and measures to strengthen the traditional friendship and multifaceted cooperation in potential spheres between the two countries, especially in economy, trade, investment, education-training and labour.

Regarding bilateral trade ties, PM Chinh said the two countries’ exports are reciprocal, suggesting the two sides maximise advantages presented by the EVFTA.

At the same time, the two sides should coordinate to seek flexible and suitable forms of sea, rail and air transportation to facilitate the exchange of goods, especially the export of Vietnamese coffee, seasonal fruits and aquatic products to Romania, he said.

Vietnam also stands ready to work as a gateway for Romania to bring its products to the ASEAN market, the government leader added.

Regarding regional and international cooperation, PM Chinh and Romila shared the view that Vietnam and Romania need to step up cooperation at multilateral and regional forums.

For the East Sea issue, they emphasised the importance of ensuring security, safety and freedom of navigation and aviation in the sea, and settling disputes on sovereignty, sovereign rights and jurisdiction through peaceful solutions and measures in accordance with the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).

Romila pledged to make efforts to contribute to consolidating and tightening the traditional friendship and multifaceted cooperation between the two countries, especially amidst the complex developments of the COVID-19 pandemic./.

https://en.vietnamplus.vn/vietnam-treasures-traditional-friendship-with-romania-pm/205581.vnp

Defence ministers of Cyprus and Slovakia sign cooperation MoU

 July 29, 2021

The ministers of defence of Cyprus and Slovakia met on Thursday in Nicosia to discuss
bilateral relations, the continuing tension in the Eastern Mediterranean region as well as the recent developments in Cyprus and the EU.

Defence Minister Charalambos Petrides and his Slovak counterpart Jaroslav Naď, also signed a Memorandum of Understanding which aims to establish general principles and procedures for the promotion of defence and military cooperation.

In statements after the signing ceremony, the Petrides expressed Nicosia`s appreciation for Slovakia`s invaluable contribution to the UN Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus, Unficyp, with a Slovak contingent stationed on the island for the past 20 years. He also noted that the bilateral ties between the two countries were at a very high level.

Petrides said that they also discussed Turkey`s provocations in the fenced off area of Varosha in Famagusta, as well as in Cyprus` Exclusive Economic Zone.

He recalled that both the UN Security Council in a presidential statement, and the EU through its High Representative had condemned Turkey`s provocations in Cyprus. He underlined that more effective measures must be taken by the international community, especially by the EU which can use the necessary tools to give Turkey a very clear message to cease its aggressive behaviour against Cyprus and respect international law.

In his statements, the Slovak Minister said that although his country has been contributing to the security of Cyprus for the past 20 years, which has fundamentally shaped the bilateral ties with the Republic of Cyprus, “we have so far missed out on a contractual basis – an agreement for fostering our excellent and smooth cooperation”.

“That being the case, I am convinced that with the signing of today`s Memorandum we will work towards a further desired intensification of the politico-military engagement between our two counties, which are both EU members,” he added.

He pointed out that the goal of the Memorandum was to “set the main principles and procedures for the delivery of our all-inclusive cooperation in the field of defence with the Republic of Cyprus”.

“This has already been underway today in the form of political talks and our joint participation in PESCO projects. Yet still, we can drive forward our cooperation in many other areas such as military exercises and armaments,” he concluded.

https://cyprus-mail.com/2021/07/29/defence-ministers-of-cyprus-and-slovakia-sign-cooperation-mou/

Deputy economy minister to lead Slovakian delegation to Taiwan in September

 2021/07/17 14:01

TAIPEI (Taiwan News) — A high-level delegation from Slovakia is expected to visit Taiwan in September, signifying warming ties between the two states, following the announcement of a donation of 10,000 COVID-19 vaccine doses to Taiwan earlier this week.

The European Union (EU) stated on Thursday (July 15) the central European country will provide 10,000 doses to Taiwan for free. Meanwhile, the union of 27 member states will partially cover shipping costs.

People familiar with the matter told Taiwan's state-owned news agency the delegation will be led by Deputy Economy Minister Karol Galek and will fly on a charter flight. Team members will include officials and business representatives, the highest-level and largest delegation of its kind between the two countries.

In an earlier statement on vaccine donation, Galek described the move as "a humble return to Taiwan's donation of 700,000 masks to the country during its hard time" in April, 2020. Before the visit, an agreement of mutual legal assistance and extradition with the country of 5.4 million people is expected to be inked in July, the CNA report says.

The team originally planned to arrive in Taiwan in May but this was postponed due to the COVID-19 outbreak in mid-May. There have been growing economic ties between the two sides, in particular in the fields of technology, trade, environment, and culture. In June 2019, Lucia Duris Nicholsonova, then deputy speaker of the Slovakia Parliament, led a team of four cross-party parliamentary members to Taiwan.

It is noteworthy that Slovakia's first female president, Zuzana Caputova, tweeted her support for Czech Senate Speaker Milos Vystrcil in September 2020 following threats from China's Foreign Ministry. "The relationship between the EU and China should be based on dialogues as well as respect, and the threatening against its member state and the person for which he or she represents is unacceptable," her tweet read.

  https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/4250762

6 dead, 2 missing as floods wreak havoc in northern Turkey

 Fresh floods and landslides claimed six lives in the Rize province, part of Turkey's flood-prone Black Sea region. The tragedy occurred one month before the anniversary of the last such disaster.

Search and rescue teams also searched for the two people who went missing after heavy rainfall triggered floods and subsequent landslides late Wednesday. The disaster’s epicenter was the Güneysu and Çayeli districts, located on steep hills in a challenging terrain where mountains run parallel to the sea.

A heavy rainfall that began Wednesday afternoon intensified in the following hours, tearing apart chunks of soil from hills and piling up debris on streets inundated with floodwaters. Authorities mobilized search and rescue crews upon reports of landslides.

The first victim was Adem Yanık, mukhtar of the village of Asmalıırmak near the Güneysu district. Yanık's body was swept away by floodwaters and was found in a river bed near his village. On Wednesday night, the body of an unidentified woman was retrieved from a house that collapsed due to a landslide in a neighborhood of the Muradiye district.

Dozens of search and rescue workers are looking for people reported missing in two villages of Güneysu and Muradiye, where houses were buried under debris. Later on Thursday, a 66-year-old mother and her children aged 35 and 28 were found dead in a wooden house destroyed by a landslide. Another body was found hours later in Muradiye. The Rize governorate said in a statement that floods and landslides were reported in many locations across the province. The statement said most rainfall was recorded in Güneysu, where 207 kilograms of precipitation hit each square meter. Authorities also announced that additional crews and search and rescue dogs were brought in from nearby provinces to assist the efforts, along with divers.

On Thursday, Minister of Environment and Urban Planning Murat Kurum and Adil Karaismailoğlu, minister of transportation and infrastructure, visited the disaster area. The ministers pledged aid to locals affected by the disaster while Minister of National Education Ziya Selçuk announced separately that school dormitories were ready to accommodate people displaced by the floods and landslides. Murat Kurum told reporters that buildings under risk following the disaster would be demolished and new housing units would be built by the state in places without risk of floods and landslides.

Sporadic rainfall continues in the region while authorities urge citizens, especially those in rural areas, to stay away from river beds.

Two people died to floods and landslides in Rize’s Çayeli district last year. The province, like most of the eastern parts of the Black Sea region, is a scene of such disasters which claimed dozens of lives over the years. The worst in recent memory was in 2010 when 12 people were killed in floods in the town of Gündoğdu in Rize. The deadliest floods was in August 2020, in the Giresun province where at least ten people were killed.

Prevention of fatal floods is a challenge in the mountainous region where flatlands are scarce and a growing population craving housing development turn to river beds to build new houses. River bed construction, which was occasionally allowed in the past, is strictly banned in the region now, but finding a space to build close to populated areas proves difficult given the 120,000 streams. Another challenge is climate change as it worsens the flood risk in the region, which already experiences almost year-round rainfall. Experts say rising seawater temperatures are among the causes of the increased floods experienced in recent years.

https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/6-dead-2-missing-as-floods-wreak-havoc-in-northern-turkey/news

စတော့အရောင်းအဝယ်

https://shwedingar.com/insure-and-invest-how-to-trade-stocks/

 

ရန္ကုန္စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္း (YSX) မွာ ရွိတဲ့ စေတာ့ေတြကို ဘယ္လုိအေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္ရမလဲ။

YSX မွာရွိတဲ့ စေတာ့ေတြကို အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္တယ္ဆုိတာ YSX ကိုသြားမယ္၊ လုိခ်င္တဲ့ ရွယ္ယာကို ေအာ္ဒါတင္မယ္၊ ေငြေခ်မယ္၊ ရွယ္ယာရမယ္ ဒီေလာက္မ႐ိုးရွင္းပါဘူး။ YSX မွာ အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္ဖုိ႔အတြက္ ပထမဦးဆံုး ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္စာရင္း (Securities account) ရွိဖို႔လုိပါတယ္။ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ စေတာ့အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ကုမၸဏီ (၆) ခု ရွိၿပီး အဲဒီထဲက တစ္ခုနဲ႔ ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္စာရင္း ဖြင့္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

YSX မွာ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ျပဳလုပ္တဲ့ လုပ္ငန္းစဥ္ကို ေအာက္မွာ ဆက္လက္ေလ့လာႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

လိုင္စင္ရ စေတာ့ရွယ္ယာအက်ိဳးေဆာင္ကုမၸဏီကို ေရြးပါ။

ပထမဦးဆံုး ကိုယ္အသံုးျပဳခ်င္တဲ့ စေတာ့ရွယ္ယာအက်ိဳးေဆာင္ကုမၸဏီကို ေရြးပါ။ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံမွာ စေတာ့အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ ဝန္ေဆာင္မႈေပးရန္အတြက္ အက်ိဳးေဆာင္လုိင္စင္ရရွိထားတဲ့ ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္ကုမၸဏီ (Securities Companies) (၆) ခု ရွိပါတယ္။ စေတာ့အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ကုမၸဏီမ်ားကို ဒီမွာႏိႈင္းယွဥ္ေလ့လာႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္ အေရာင္းအဝယ္စာရင္း ဖြင့္ပါ။

အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ကုမၸဏီကို ေရြးခ်ယ္ၿပီးရင္ ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္စာရင္းဖြင့္ဖို႔ လုိအပ္ပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္စာရင္းဖြင့္ရန္အတြက္ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္ အဲဒီကုမၸဏီကို လူကိုယ္တိုင္ သြားဖို႔လိုပါတယ္။

ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္စာရင္းကို အခမဲ့ဖြင့္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ မွတ္ပံုတင္၊ ဘဏ္စာရင္းအေသးစိတ္ စတဲ့ စာရြက္စာတမ္းေတြ တင္ျပဖို႔ လုိအပ္ပါတယ္။ ဘဏ္စာရင္းရွိဖို႔လည္း လုိအပ္ပါတယ္။ ပံုမွန္အားျဖင့္ေတာ့ ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္ကုမၸဏီနဲ႔ ခ်ိတ္ဆက္ထားတဲ့ ဘဏ္ရဲ႕ ဘဏ္စာရင္းျဖစ္ရပါမယ္။

စာရင္းဖြင့္ဖို႔ လိုအပ္တဲ့အခ်က္အလက္နဲ႔ လုပ္ငန္းစဥ္ကို အေသးစိတ္သိရွိႏုိင္ဖို႔ ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္ကုမၸဏီကို တိုက္႐ိုက္ဆက္သြယ္ေမးျမန္းၾကည့္ပါ။

စာရင္းကို ေငြျဖည့္ပါ။

စာရင္းထဲကို ေငြျဖည့္ဖို႔လည္း လုိပါတယ္။ ဆုိလုိတာကေတာ့ ေငြစုဘဏ္အပ္ေငြစာရင္းထဲကုိ ေငြသြင္းသလုိပဲ ဒီစာရင္းထဲကို ေငြသြင္းဖို႔ လုိပါတယ္။ ေငြသြင္းၿပီးရင္ေတာ့ ရွယ္ယာေတြဝယ္ဖုိ႔အတြက္ အသံုးျပဳႏိုင္ပါၿပီ။ ရွယ္ယာေတြကို ေရာင္းထုတ္လုိက္တယ္ဆိုရင္လည္း ေရာင္းလုိ႔ရတဲ့ေငြေတြက ဒီစာရင္းထဲကို ဝင္ေနမွာပါ။ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ျပဳလုပ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ ေပးရတဲ့ဝန္ေဆာင္ခအမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးကုိလည္း ဒီစာရင္းထဲကပဲ ျဖတ္သြားပါလိမ့္မယ္။

ကိုယ့္လက္ထဲမွာ ရွယ္ယာတစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ ရွိႏွင့္ေနၿပီးသားဆိုရင္ ဒီရွယ္ယာေတြကို ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္စာရင္းအသစ္ထဲမွာ ဆႏၵရွိတယ္ဆုိရင္ ထည့္သြင္းထားႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

စေတာ့ဝယ္ဖို႔အတြက္ ေအာ္ဒါတင္ပါ။

အခုေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္စာရင္း ရွိၿပီဆုိေတာ့ စေတာ့ရွယ္ယာေတြကို အေရာင္းအဝယ္ျပဳလုပ္ႏုိင္ပါၿပီ။

အခုေလာေလာဆယ္မွာေတာ့ YSX ကေန ဝယ္ယူႏိုင္တဲ့ စေတာ့ (၆) ခုရွိပါတယ္။ ကိုယ္လိုခ်င္တဲ့ စေတာ့ကို ေရြးခ်ယ္ၿပီး ကိုယ့္ရဲ႕အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ဆီမွာ ေအာ္ဒါတင္ရပါမယ္။ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ေတြဆီမွာ ေအာ္ဒါတင္လုိ႔ရတဲ့ အြန္လုိင္းအေရာင္းအဝယ္ပလက္ေဖာင္း ဒါမွမဟုတ္ မိုဘိုင္းအပ္ပလီေကးရွင္းရွိပါတယ္။

ေအာ္ဒါအမ်ိဳးအစား (၂) မ်ိဳး ရွိပါတယ္။

• ကန္႔သတ္ေအာ္ဒါ (Limit order) – ကန္႔သတ္ေအာ္ဒါက ကိုယ္ဆႏၵရွိတဲ့ေစ်းႏႈန္းမွာ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ျပဳလုပ္ဖို႔အတြက္ ေစ်းႏႈန္းကို ေရြးခ်ယ္ၿပီး ေအာ္ဒါတင္ေပးရပါတယ္။ အဝယ္ဆုိရင္ ကိုယ့္ရဲ႕ကန္႔သတ္ေစ်းႏႈန္းအတိုင္း သို႔မဟုတ္ ပိုနည္းတဲ့ေစ်းႏႈန္းေရာက္မွသာ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ျဖစ္မွာပါ။ အေရာင္းဆုိရင္ ကိုယ့္ရဲ႕ ကန္႔သတ္ေစ်းႏႈန္းအတိုိင္း သုိ႔မဟုတ္ ပိုမ်ားတဲ့ေစ်းႏႈန္းေရာက္မွသာ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ျဖစ္မွာပါ။

• ေစ်းကြက္ေအာ္ဒါ (Market order) – ေစ်းကြက္ေအာ္ဒါဆုိတာက ဘယ္ေစ်းရမွ ေရာင္းမယ္၊ ဝယ္မယ္ မသတ္မွတ္ထားဘဲ ေစ်းကြက္ေပါက္ေစ်းနဲ႔ ေရာင္းဖို႔၊ ဝယ္ဖို႔ ဆႏၵရွိတယ္ဆိုတဲ့သေဘာပါ။ ရရွိႏိုင္တဲ့ အေကာင္းဆံုးေစ်းတစ္ခုမွ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ျဖစ္သြားပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ဒီေစ်းက ကုိယ္ေအာ္ဒါတင္ခဲ့တဲ့ ေစ်းႏႈန္းနဲ႔လည္း ကြာျခားႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ကေနတစ္ဆင့္ ေအာ္ဒါတင္ၿပီးရင္ အက်ိဳးေဆာင္က ကိုယ့္ရဲ႕ေအာ္ဒါကို သူတို႔ရဲ႕ တျခားေဖာက္သည္ေတြရဲ႕ ေအာ္ဒါေတြနဲ႔အတူ YSX မွာ ေအာ္ဒါပို႔ေပးပါလိမ့္မယ္။

ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင့္ ေစ်းကြက္ဖြင့္ထားတဲ့အခ်ိန္ေတြမွာ ေအာ္ဒါတင္လု႔ိရသလုိ ေစ်းကြက္မဖြင့္ခင္မွာလည္း ႀကိဳတင္ေအာ္ဒါတင္လုိ႔ ရပါတယ္။ ေအာ္ဒါတင္လို႔ရတဲ့အခ်ိန္ေတြကေတာ့ အက်ိဳးေဆာင္နဲ႔ ေအာ္ဒါတင္တဲ့နည္း (ဥပမာ – ဖုန္း သို႔မဟုတ္ အြန္းလုိင္းျဖင့္) အေပၚမူတည္ၿပီး ကြဲျပားႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

ရွယ္ယာဝယ္မွာဆိုရင္ စာရင္းထဲမွာ ေငြအလံုအေလာက္ရွိဖုိ႔ လုိပါတယ္။ ရွယ္ယာေရာင္းမွာဆုိရင္ေတာ့ စာရင္းထဲမွာ ရွယ္ယာအလံုအေလာက္ရွိဖုိ႔ လုိပါတယ္။

ေနာက္တစ္ႀကိမ္ Matching Time ကို ေစာင့္ပါ။

YSX မွာ မနက္ ၉ နာရီခြဲကေန ေန႔လည္ ၁ နာရီအထိ ႐ုံးဖြင့္ရက္တိုင္း ေအာ္ဒါေတြကို လက္ခံေပးပါတယ္။ စေန၊ တနဂၤေႏြနဲ႔ အျခားအစိုးရ႐ံုးပိတ္ရက္ေတြေတာ့ ပိတ္ပါတယ္။

YSX မွာ တစ္ရက္ကို အေရာင္းအဝယ္တြဲခ်ိန္ (Matching Time) (၇) ႀကိမ္ ရွိပါတယ္။ မနက္ ၁၀ နာရီ၊ ၁၀း၃၀ နာရီ၊ ၁၁ နာရီ၊ ၁၁း၃၀ နာရီ၊ ေန႔လည္ ၁၂ နာရီ၊ မြန္းလြဲ ၁၂း၃၀ နာရီ၊ မြန္းလြဲ ၁ နာရီ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ဒီ Matching time ေတြမွာ YSX က အေရာင္းေအာ္ဒါနဲ႔ အဝယ္ေအာ္ဒါေတြကို ကိုက္ညီေအာင္ တြဲေပးပါတယ္။ ေအာ္ဒါမွာလည္း ဦးစားေပးအဆင့္ေတြ ရွိပါတယ္။ ေစ်းကြက္ေအာ္ဒါကို ကန္႔သတ္ေအာ္ဒါထက္ ပိုၿပီး ဦးစားေပးပါတယ္။ ကန္႔သတ္ေအာ္ဒါေတြကလည္း ေစ်းႏႈန္းအေပၚမူတည္ၿပီး ဦးစားေပးတာေတြ ရွိပါတယ္။ ေစ်းႏႈန္းတူေနရင္လည္း ေအာ္ဒါတင္တဲ့အခ်ိန္အေပၚမူတည္ၿပီး ဦးစားေပးသြားပါတယ္။

ေအာ္ဒါတုိင္းကေတာ့ အေရာင္းနဲ႔အဝယ္ အၿမဲတမ္း ကိုက္ညီေနမွာေတာ့ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ ကိုယ္တင္ထားတဲ့ ေအာ္ဒါနဲ႔ ကိုက္ညီတာမရွိရင္ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ျဖစ္ေျမာက္မွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။

ဥပမာ – ကုမၸဏီ (A) အတြက္ ရွယ္ယာအခု ၁၀၀ ဝယ္ခ်င္ေပမယ့္ ကုမၸဏီ (A) အတြက္ ရွယ္ယာအခု ၁၀၀ ကို ေရာင္းခ်င္တဲ့လူ တစ္ေယာက္မွ မရွိဘူးဆိုရင္ ဒီေအာ္ဒါက ကိုက္ညီမႈရွိမွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ အေရာင္းအဝယ္လည္း ျဖစ္မွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။

ကန္႔သတ္ေအာ္ဒါမွာလည္း ဒီလုိပါပဲ။ လုိခ်င္တဲ့ေစ်းနဲ႔ ေပးခ်င္တဲ့သူမရွိရင္ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ျဖစ္မွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။

ေအာ္ဒါကိုက္ညီမႈရွိသြားၿပီဆုိရင္ စာရင္းရွင္းလင္းသည့္ေန႔ T+3

ေအာ္ဒါတြဲသြားၿပီဆုိရင္ အေရာင္းအဝယ္က ၿပီးေျမာက္သြားပါၿပီ။

ဒါေပမယ့္ စာရင္းရွင္းလင္းသည့္ေန႔ (Settlement date) လုိ႔ေခၚတဲ့ စေတာ့နဲ႔ ေငြ အၿပီးအပိုင္ လႊဲေျပာင္းျခင္းလုပ္ငန္းစဥ္က ခ်က္ခ်င္းမျဖစ္ပါဘူး။ YSX ကေတာ့ T+3 ဆိုတဲ့ စာရင္းရွင္းလင္းလႊဲေျပာင္းမႈအစီအစဥ္ကို သံုးပါတယ္။

T ဆိုတာ လႊဲေျပာင္းတဲ့ေန႔ (Transaction date) ကို ဆိုလိုပါတယ္။ လႊဲေျပာင္းျခင္းမ်ား ၿပီးဆံုးဖုိ႔ကေတာ့ လႊဲေျပာင္းတဲ့ေန႔ကစၿပီး ေနာက္ ၃ ရက္ (အစုိးရ ႐ံုးဖြင့္ရက္) ၾကာပါတယ္။

လႊဲေျပာင္းျခင္းမ်ားၿပီးဆံုးဖို႔ ၃ ရက္ၾကာေပမယ့္ ဒီေအာ္ဒါကုိ ဖ်က္သိမ္းလုိ႔ မရေတာ့ပါဘူး။

အဝယ္ေအာ္ဒါတင္ထားရင္ ၃ ရက္ၾကာတဲ့အခါ ရွယ္ယာေတြ ရရွိပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ဒီမတိုင္ခင္မွာ ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္စာရင္းကေန ေငြကို ႏုတ္ယူၿပီးသား ျဖစ္ပါလိမ့္မယ္။

အေရာင္းေအာ္ဒါဆိုရင္ေတာ့ ဒီရွယ္ယာေတြကို ပိုင္ဆိုင္ေတာ့မွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ ေရာင္းလို႔ရတဲ့ ေငြေတြကလည္း ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္စာရင္းထဲကို ၃ ရက္ ေနမွ ေရာက္မွာပါ။

ဥပမာ – တနဂၤလာေန႔မွာ ရွယ္ယာေတြကုိ ေရာင္းထုတ္လုိက္တယ္ဆုိရင္ ၾကာသပေတးေန႔မွာ စာရင္းထဲကုိ ေငြေတြ ဝင္ေနပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ၾကာသပေတးေန႔မွာ ဝယ္ယူလုိက္တယ္ဆုိရင္ အဂၤါေန႔မွာ စာရင္းထဲကို ရွယ္ယာေတြဝင္ေနပါလိမ့္မယ္။

ေအာ္ဒါကုိက္ညီမႈမရွိဘူးဆုိရင္

ေအာ္ဒါက အေရာင္းအဝယ္မျဖစ္ဘူးဆိုရင္ ေနာက္ Matching time ေတြမွာ ကိုက္ညီဖို႔အတြက္ YSX မွ လုပ္ဆာင္ေပးပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ကိုက္ညီမႈမရွိလုိ႔ ေအာ္ဒါဖ်က္သိမ္းခ်င္တယ္ဆုိရင္လည္း ဖ်က္သိမ္းႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

ေအာ္ဒါအမ်ားစုကေတာ့ တစ္ရက္ပဲ အက်ံဳးဝင္ပါတယ္။ ေအာ္ဒါက တစ္ေနကုန္တဲ့အထိ ကိုက္ညီမႈမရွိရင္ သက္တမ္းကုန္သြားပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ေနာက္ေန႔မွာ ထပ္ၿပီး အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္ခ်င္ရင္ေတာ့ ေအာ္ဒါထပ္တင္ဖုိ႔ လုိပါတယ္။

တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ေတြကလည္း “good till” ဆိုတဲ့ ေအာ္ဒါေတြကို တင္ခြင့္ျပဳထားပါတယ္။ ဒီလုိေအာ္ဒါေတြက တစ္ပတ္အထိ သို႔မဟုတ္ ေအာ္ဒါတင္ၿပီးေနာက္ပိုင္း ႐ံုးဖြင့္ရက္ ၈ ရက္အထိ အက်ံဳးဝင္တာမ်ိဳးေတြ ရွိတတ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီလုိမ်ိဳး လုပ္လို႔ရမလားဆိုတာကိုလည္း ကိုယ့္ရဲ႕အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ကို ေမးျမန္းၾကည့္ပါ။

အေရာင္းအဝယ္အတြက္ ဝန္ေဆာင္ခ

အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္တဲ့သူေတြက ေအာင္ျမင္တဲ့အေရာင္းအဝယ္တိုင္းအတြက္ ေကာ္မရွင္ခ ေပးေဆာင္ရပါတယ္။ ဒီဝန္ေဆာင္ခေတြကို ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္လုပ္ငန္း ႀကီးၾကပ္ေရးေကာ္မရွင္ (Securities and Exchange Commission of Myanmar – SECM) မွ သတ္မွတ္တာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အဝယ္ေအာ္ဒါဆုိရင္ အစိုးရကိုေပးရတဲ့ တံဆိပ္ေခါင္းဖိုးပါ ထည့္သြင္းေပးေဆာင္ရပါတယ္။

စတော့အိပ်ချိန်းဆိုတာဘာလဲ

 စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းဆုိတာဘာလဲ။

စေတာ့ရွယ္ယာေတြကို ကုန္သြယ္မႈ (အေရာင္းအဝယ္) ျပဳလုပ္ဖုိ႔  စည္းမ်ဥ္းေတြနဲ႔ ႀကီးၾကပ္ထားတဲ့ေနရာကို စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းလို႔ ေခၚပါတယ္။

ကမာၻတစ္ဝွမ္းမွာရွိတဲ့ အဓိကစေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းေတြကို ဥပမာအျဖစ္ ေဖာ္ျပေပးထားပါတယ္။

• The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), USA
• NASDAQ, USA
• Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE), Japan
• Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE), China
• Euronext, EU
• London Stock Exchange (LSE), UK

ကုမၸဏီေတြက သူတို႔ရဲ႕ရွယ္ယာေတြကို ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံသူေတြ ဝယ္ႏုိင္ဖို႔အတြက္ တစ္ခု သို႔မဟုတ္ တစ္ခုထက္ပိုတဲ့ စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းေတြမွာ စာရင္းဝင္ထားလုိ႔ရပါတယ္။ စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းတစ္ခုခုမွာ စာရင္းသြင္းထားတဲ့ ကုမၸဏီျဖစ္မွသာ အဲဒီစာရင္းဝင္ထားတဲ့ စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းမွာ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ျပဳလုပ္ႏုိင္မွာပါ။ 

စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းေတြက သူတို႔ဆီမွာ စာရင္းဝင္ထားတဲ့ ကုမၸဏီေတြကို ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္အစိုးရက ထုတ္ျပန္ထားတဲ့ စည္းမ်ဥ္းဥပေဒေတြနဲ႔ စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းရဲ႕ စည္းမ်ဥ္းစည္းကမ္းေတြကို လိုက္နာေစဖို႔ ထိန္းေၾကာင္းေပးရပါတယ္။ အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္ဖို႔ ယံုၾကည္ရၿပီး စည္းစနစ္က်တဲ့ ေစ်းကြက္ ျဖစ္ေအာင္ ႀကီးၾကပ္ေပးရတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

စေတာ့ေစ်းကြက္ဆုိတာဘာလဲ။

စေတာ့ေစ်းကြက္ကို စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းလုိ႔ ေခၚတတ္ၾကသလုိ စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းကိုလည္း စေတာ့ေစ်းကြက္လုိ႔ အျပန္အလွန္ သံုးႏႈန္းေလ့ရွိၾကပါတယ္။

ဒါေပမယ့္ စေတာ့ေစ်းကြက္ဆုိတာက စေတာ့ကုန္သြယ္မႈအတြက္ ပိုၿပီးက်ယ္ျပန္႔တဲ့ ေဝါဟာရပါ။ ဒီေဝါဟာရမွာ စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းမွာ စာရင္းဝင္ၿပီး ကုန္သြယ္မႈျပဳလုပ္တာေရာ၊  Over-the-counter (OTC) လုိ႔ေခၚတဲ့ ေကာင္တာေစ်းကြက္ေရာ ပါဝင္ပါတယ္။

စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းဆိုတာကေတာ့ ေယဘုယ်အားျဖင့္ စေတာ့ေစ်းကြက္ရဲ႕ အစိတ္အပိုင္းႀကီး တစ္ခုျဖစ္ၿပီး စေတာ့ကုန္သြယ္မႈျပဳလုပ္တဲ့ တိက်တဲ့ေနရာတစ္ခုပါ။ ဥပမာ – The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), USA

ရန္ကုန္စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္း (YSX) ဆုိတာဘာလဲ။

ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ ပထမဆံုးစေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္း ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ စေတာ့ကုန္သြယ္မႈကိုေတာ့ ၂၀၁၆ မွာ စတင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။

စီမံကိန္း၊ ဘ႑ာေရးႏွင့္ စက္မႈဝန္ႀကီးဌာန (MOPFI) လက္ေအာက္မွာရွိတဲ့ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္လုပ္ငန္း ႀကီးၾကပ္ေရးေကာ္မရွင္ (SECM) မွ ရန္ကုန္စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းကို ႀကီးၾကပ္ထားတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

လက္ရွိမွာေတာ့ ရန္ကုန္စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းမွာ စာရင္းဝင္ထားတဲ့ ကုမၸဏီ (၆) ခု ရွိပါတယ္။

ရန္ကုန္စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္း (YSX) ဘယ္လုိ အလုပ္လုပ္လဲ။

ရန္ကုန္စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းက စေတာ့ရွယ္ယာေရာင္းသူနဲ႔ ဝယ္သူၾကား အဆင္ေျပေအာင္ ထိန္းေၾကာင္းေပးပါတယ္။ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ျပဳလုပ္ႏုိင္တဲ့ စေတာ့ရဲ႕ေနာက္ဆံုးေစ်း အပါအဝင္ စေတာ့နဲ႔ပတ္သက္တဲ့ အခ်က္အလက္ေတြကိုလည္း ေဖာ္ျပေပးပါတယ္။

ေျမာက္မ်ားစြာေသာ အေရာင္းေအာ္ဒါ၊ အဝယ္ေအာ္ဒါေတြကို ေကာင္းစြာစီမံႏိုင္ဖို႔အတြက္ လုိင္စင္ရစေတာ့အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ (Stock brokers) မ်ားကသာ YSX ကို ေအာ္ဒါတင္ခြင့္ ရွိပါတယ္။ စေတာ့ကို အေရာင္းအဝယ္ျပဳလုပ္ခ်င္တဲ့ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံသူေတြက အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ေတြကေနတစ္ဆင့္ ေအာ္ဒါတင္ၿပီး အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ေတြက ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံသူေတြကုိယ္စား YSX ကို ေအာ္ဒါတင္ေပးမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ရန္ကုန္စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းမွာ ဘယ္စေတာ့ေတြကို အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္ႏိုင္လဲ။

ေလာေလာဆယ္မွာေတာ့ ကုမၸဏီ (၆) ခုရဲ႕ စေတာ့ေတြကို အေရာင္းအဝယ္ ျပဳလုပ္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

၁။ First Myanmar Investment Public Co., Ltd. (FMI)

၂။ Myanmar Thilawa SEZ Holdings Public Co. Ltd. (MTSH)

၃။ Myanmar Citizen Bank Ltd. (MCB)

၄။ First Private Bank Ltd. (FPB)

၅။ TMH Telecom Public Co., Ltd. (TMH)

၆။ Ever Flow River Public Co., Ltd. (EFR)

ျမန္မာစေတာ့ေစ်းႏႈန္းအညႊန္းကိန္း (MYANPIX) ဆိုတာ ဘာလဲ။

YSX က ျမန္မာစေတာ့ေစ်းကြက္အညႊန္းကိန္း (MYANPIX) ကိုလည္း ထုတ္ျပန္ေပးပါတယ္။ ဒီအညႊန္းကိန္းက YSX မွာ စာရင္းဝင္ထားတဲ့ စေတာ့ေတြပါဝင္ၿပီး စေတာ့တစ္ခုခ်င္းစီက သူ႔ရဲ႕ေစ်းကြက္မတည္ရင္းႏွီးေငြနဲ႔ ဒီအၫႊန္းကိန္းအေပၚကို သက္ေရာက္မႈရွိေစပါတယ္။

 ျမန္မာစေတာ့ေစ်းကြက္အညႊန္းကိန္း MYANPIX က YSX ရဲ႕ ေစ်းႏႈန္းစုစုေပါင္းအတက္အက်နဲ႔ စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းမွာရွိတဲ့ ကုမၸဏီေတြရဲ႕ စေတာ့ေစ်းႏႈန္း စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္ေတြကို ရည္ၫႊန္းေဖာ္ျပပါတယ္။

https://shwedingar.com/insure-and-invest-what-is-ysx/

စတော့ရှယ်ယာဆိုတာဘာလဲ

“ဒီေန႔ ေစ်းကြက္က ေတာ္ေတာ္ေကာင္းေနတယ္” စသျဖင့္ စေတာ့ရွယ္ယာ၊ ေစ်းကြက္ ဒါမွမဟုတ္ စေတာ့ေစ်းကြက္ စတဲ့အေၾကာင္း သူမ်ားေတြေျပာတာကို ၾကားဖူးၾကမွာပါ။ ဒါေပမယ့္ စေတာ့ရွယ္ယာဆိုတာ ဘာလဲ၊ စေတာ့ရွယ္ယာေစ်းကြက္မွာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံတယ္ ဆိုတာဘာလဲ ေသခ်ာမသိေသးဘူးလား။

မသိေသးဘူးဆုိရင္လည္း စိတ္မပူပါနဲ႔။ ေအာက္မွာ ေလ့လာႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

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စေတာ့ဆိုတာ ဘာလဲ။ အစုရွယ္ယာဆုိတာ ဘာလဲ။

စေတာ့ဆိုတာ ကုမၸဏီတစ္ခုရဲ႕ တစ္စိတ္တစ္ပိုင္းပိုင္ဆုိင္မႈကို ဆိုလိုတာျဖစ္ၿပီး အစုရွယ္ယာဆုိတာကေတာ့ ကုမၸဏီမွာရွိတဲ့ ပိုင္ဆုိင္မႈယူနစ္ကို ဆိုလိုတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ကုမၸဏီတစ္ခုမွာ စေတာ့တစ္ခု ပိုင္ဆုိင္ထားတယ္ဆိုရင္ ဒီစေတာ့ထဲမွာ အစုရွယ္ယာအမ်ားႀကီး ပါဝင္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ စေတာ့လို႔ေျပာရင္ ကုမၸဏီတစ္ခုရဲ႕ အစုရွယ္ယာေတြကို စုေပါင္းၿပီး ျခံဳငံုေခၚဆိုတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

စေတာ့ကို ရွယ္ယာလုိ႔ သံုးေလ့ရွိသလို ရွယ္ယာကိုလည္း စေတာ့လုိ႔ အျပန္ျပန္အလွန္လွန္ ေျပာင္းလဲသံုးႏႈန္းတတ္ၾကပါတယ္။

ကုမၸဏီတစ္ခုမွာ စေတာ့တစ္ခု (သို႔မဟုတ္ ရွယ္ယာမ်ား) ပိုင္ဆိုင္ထားတယ္ဆုိရင္ အဲဒီကုမၸဏီကို တစ္စိတ္တစ္ပိုင္း ပိုင္ဆိုင္ခြင့္ရရွိမွာျဖစ္ၿပီး ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕ အစုရွယ္ယာရွင္ (shareholder or stockholder) ျဖစ္လာပါတယ္။

ကုမၸဏီေတြက ဘာလို႔ အစုရွယ္ယာေတြကို ထုတ္ေရာင္းတာလဲ။

ကုမၸဏီတစ္ခုက သူ႕ရဲ႕အစုရွယ္ယာေတြကို ထုတ္ေရာင္းတယ္ဆိုတာ ကုမၸဏီပိုင္ဆိုင္မႈအစိတ္အပုိင္းေလးေတြကို ေရာင္းခ်တဲ့သေဘာပါ။ ကုမၸဏီဆိုတာက တန္ဖိုးရွိတဲ့ အရာတစ္ခုျဖစ္တာေၾကာင့္ ေနာင္အခါမွာ အက်ိဳးအျမတ္ေတြရလာမွာျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ ဒီကုမၸဏီကို တစ္စိတ္တစ္ပိုင္းပိုင္ဆိုင္ျခင္းက ကိုယ့္ကို ကုမၸဏီတန္ဖိုးရဲ႕ တစ္စိတ္တစ္ေဒသ ျဖစ္သြားေစပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္လည္း အစုရွယ္ယာေတြကို ပိုက္ဆံေပးဝယ္ယူၾကတာပါ။ 

ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕ဘ႑ာေငြ တိုးမ်ားလာေစဖို႔အတြက္ အစုရွယ္ယာေတြကို ထုတ္ေရာင္းၾကတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အစုရွယ္ယာထုတ္ေရာင္းလို႔ ရလာတဲ့ေငြေတြကို လုပ္ငန္းႀကီးပြားဖို႔အတြက္ အသံုးျပဳၾကပါတယ္။ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံသူေတြကလည္း ေနာင္အနာဂတ္မွာ အစုအေပၚအျမတ္ဝင္ေငြ (Dividends) ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ေရရွည္အျမတ္အစြန္းဝင္ေငြ (Capital gain) ေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း ရရွိဖို႔ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္တဲ့အတြက္ ေငြေၾကးရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံဖုိ႔ စိတ္အားထက္သန္ၾကပါတယ္။

အစုရွယ္ယာေတြကို ဘာလို႔ အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္ၾကတာလဲ။

မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္ေတာ့ ဝင္ေငြရခ်င္တဲ့အတြက္ အစုရွယ္ယာေတြကို အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္ျခင္း ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

အစုရွယ္ယာေတြကို အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္ျခင္းျဖင့္ ဝင္ေငြ (၂) မ်ိဳး ရရွိႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

• အစုအေပၚအျမတ္ဝင္ေငြ (Dividends) – ကုမၸဏီကို တစ္စိတ္တစ္ပိုင္း ပိုင္ဆိုင္သူျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ အက်ိဳးအျမတ္ေတြအေပၚမွာ ပိုင္ဆုိင္တဲ့အစုအလုိက္ အက်ိဳးခံစားခြင့္ ရွိပါတယ္။ ကုမၸဏီက ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံသူေတြကို အက်ိဳးအျမတ္ေပးေဝဖို႔ ဆံုးျဖတ္လုိက္တဲ့အခါ အစုအေပၚအျမတ္ဝင္ေငြ ရရွိပါလိမ့္မယ္။
• ေရရွည္အျမတ္အစြန္းဝင္ေငြ (Capital gains) – ကုမၸဏီက တိုးတက္ၿပီး အက်ိဳးအျမတ္ မ်ားသထက္မ်ားေအာင္ လုပ္ေဆာင္ႏုိင္တယ္ဆုိရင္ ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕တန္ဖုိးကလည္း ျမင့္တက္လာပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ဒါဆိုရင္ ကိုယ္ပိုင္ဆုိင္တဲ့ ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕အစုရွယ္ယာကလည္း တန္ဖိုးျမင့္တက္လာပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ကိုယ္ဝယ္ယူခဲ့တဲ့တန္ဖုိးထက္ မ်ားတဲ့တန္ဖိုးနဲ႔ ျပန္လည္ေရာင္းခ်ျခင္းျဖင့္လည္း အက်ိဳးအျမတ္ရရွိႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

စေတာ့ရွယ္ယာေတြကို အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္ၾကတဲ့ အေၾကာင္းအရင္း ေနာက္တစ္ခုကေတာ့ ကုမၸဏီအေပၚကို ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္ခြင့္ရခ်င္တဲ့အတြက္ပါ။ အစုရွယ္ယာရွင္ေတြက ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕ တစ္စိတ္တစ္ပိုင္း ပိုင္ဆိုင္သူေတြ ျဖစ္တာေၾကာင့္ ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕ အေရးပါတဲ့ဆံုးျဖတ္ခ်က္ေတြမွာ မဲေပးပိုင္ခြင့္ ရွိပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္လည္း ရွယ္ယာအမ်ိဳးအစားတိုင္းကေတာ့ မဲေပးခြင့္ရရွိမွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ ရွယ္ယာအေပၚမူတည္ၿပီး အခြင့္အေရးအမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး ရွိတတ္ပါတယ္။

စေတာ့ရွယ္ယာ ဝယ္ျခင္း၊ ေရာင္းျခင္းျဖင့္ ဘယ္လိုဆံုး႐ံႈးႏိုင္ေျခရွိလဲ။

စေတာ့ရွယ္ယာေစ်းကြက္မွာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံျခင္းက အက်ိဳးအျမတ္ရွိႏိုင္သလို ဆံုး႐ံႈးႏိုင္ေျခလည္းရွိပါတယ္။

ကုမၸဏီေတြဆိုတာက အၿမဲတမ္း အက်ိဳးအျမတ္ရေနတာ မဟုတ္ေတာ့ အၿမဲတမ္းလည္း တန္ဖိုးတက္ေနမွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ ကုမၸဏီတုိင္းကလည္း အစုအေပၚအျမတ္ ခြဲေဝမေပးပါဘူး။ အဲလိုခြဲေဝေပးတဲ့ကုမၸဏီေတြကလည္း ေနာင္တစ္ခ်ိန္မွာ မေပးေတာ့တာမ်ိဳးလည္း လုပ္လို႔ရပါတယ္။ တကယ္လို႔ ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕တန္ဖိုး မတက္လာဘူးဆုိရင္ ကိုယ္ပိုင္ဆိုင္ထားတဲ့ အစုရွယ္ယာတန္ဖိုးကလည္း တက္လာမွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။

ကုမၸဏီတစ္ခုရဲ႕ အက်ိဳးအျမတ္၊ တိုးတက္မႈနဲ႔ လုပ္ငန္းတန္ဖိုးေတြက အေၾကာင္းအခ်က္အမ်ားႀကီးအေပၚ မူတည္ပါတယ္။ ညံ့ဖ်င္းတဲ့ စီမံခန္႔ခြဲမႈ၊ ကံဆိုးျခင္းေတြကလည္း ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕တန္ဖိုးကို က်ဆင္းေစႏုိင္သလို ႏုိင္ငံေရး သို႔မဟုတ္ ဥပေဒအေျပာင္းအလဲ၊ စစ္ပြဲ၊ ကူးစက္ေရာဂါ အစရွိတဲ့ ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕ထိန္းခ်ဳပ္မႈေအာက္မွာ မရွိတဲ့ အျခားျပင္ပအေၾကာင္းအရင္းမ်ားကလည္း ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕တန္ဖိုးကို တဟုန္ထုိး က်ဆင္းေစႏုိင္ပါေသးတယ္။

အဲဒီလိုမ်ိဳးျဖစ္တဲ့အခါ ကုမၸဏီကို တစ္စိတ္တစ္ပိုင္းပိုင္ဆိုင္ျခင္းက ကိုယ့္အတြက္ ဘာအက်ိဳးအျမတ္မွ ရရွိေအာင္ ဖန္တီးေပးႏိုင္မွာ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး။ ဒါ့အျပင္ အဆုိးဆံုးအေျခအေန အေနနဲ႔ ကုမၸဏီရဲ႕ စီးပြားေရးလံုးဝရပ္တန္႔ၿပီး ကိုယ္ပိုင္ဆိုင္ထားတဲ့ အစုရွယ္ယာေတြက လုံးဝတန္ဖိုးမရွိေတာ့တဲ့အထိလည္း ျဖစ္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

ဘယ္လုိ အစုရွယ္ယာေတြကို ေရာင္းဝယ္လို႔ရမလဲ။

ကိုယ္ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံခ်င္တဲ့ ကုမၸဏီက အမ်ားျပည္သူပုိင္စာရင္းဝင္ကုမၸဏီ ျဖစ္တယ္ဆုိရင္ အဲဒီကုမၸဏီစာရင္းဝင္ထားတဲ့ စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းမွာ အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္ႏုိင္ပါတယ္။ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာေတာ့ ရန္ကုန္စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းမွာ ကုမၸဏီ (၆) ခုက စာရင္းဝင္ထားပါတယ္။ အဲဒီကုမၸဏီ (၆) ခုရဲ႕ အစုရွယ္ယာေတြကို အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္လုိ႔ရပါတယ္။

ကုမၸဏီက အမ်ားျပည္သူပိုင္ ျဖစ္ေပမယ့္ စာရင္းမဝင္ထားဘူးဆုိရင္ ေငြေခ်းသက္ေသခံလက္မွတ္ အက်ိဳးေဆာင္ကုမၸဏီမ်ားရဲ႕ အကူအညီနဲ႔ အေရာင္းအဝယ္ ျပဳလုပ္လို႔ ရေကာင္း ရႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

ပုဂၢလိကကုမၸဏီေတြရဲ႕ အစုရွယ္ယာအတြက္ေတာ့ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံဖို႔ ပိုခက္ခဲပါတယ္။ သူတို႔မွာ ထားရွိႏုိင္တဲ့ အစုရွယ္ယာဝင္ အေရအတြက္ကို ကန္႔သတ္ထားၿပီး မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္ ရွယ္ယာေတြကို ထုတ္မေရာင္းတာမ်ားပါတယ္။ ပုဂၢလိကကုမၸဏီေတြမွာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႇဳပ္ႏွံခ်င္တယ္ဆုိရင္ေတာ့ လက္ရွိပိုင္ရွင္ (လက္ရွိ ရွယ္ယာရွင္မ်ား)နဲ႔ တိုက္႐ိုက္ေတြ႕ဆံုၿပီးညိႇႏိႈင္းဖို႔ လုိပါလိမ့္မယ္။  

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စေတာ့ရွယ္ယာေတြအေၾကာင္း ေလ့လာၿပီးၿပီဆိုေတာ့ ဒီရွယ္ယာေတြကို ဘယ္လုိ အေရာင္းအဝယ္လုပ္မလဲ ဆုိတာ ဒီမွာ ဆက္လက္ေလ့လာႏုိင္ပါတယ္။

ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ ပထမဦးဆံုး စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္းျဖစ္တဲ့ ရန္ကုန္စေတာ့အိပ္ခ်ိန္း (YSX) အေၾကာင္းကို ဒီမွာ ေလ့လာပါ။

https://shwedingar.com/insure-and-invest-what-are-stocks/

Poland rejects EU attempts to suspend Supreme Court reforms

15-Jul-2021

Measures placed on Poland's judicial system by the EU have been rejected as unconstitutional by Warsaw's top court.

Judge Stanislaw Piotrowicz of Poland's Constitutional Tribunal said the order to disband a panel created to oversee high court judges was "not in line" with the Polish constitution.

The European Court of Justice (ECJ) told the Warsaw government led by Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki to suspend the procedural panel, which the EU said "infringes upon the independence of the judiciary in Poland and is incompatible with the primacy of the law of the Union."

The decision sets Warsaw on a collision course with Brussels and the European Commission, not for the first time. The row over the impartiality of Poland's judges has been boiling for some years now. 

Even former judges of the country's constitutional court argued that disagreeing with the ECJ would increase the likelihood of Poland being forced out of the bloc. 

A ruling against the ECJ "would be a drastic violation of the obligations of a member state and a further step towards taking the country out of the union," a group of former judges warned. 

Along with the introduction of the disciplinary panel, which according to the ECJ impairs the judiciary's non-political stance, the new rules prevent judges from referring cases to the European Courts. 

The disciplinary chamber has the power to expose judges to criminal proceedings or cut their salaries, something the Polish government led by the Law and Justice party argues is necessary to tackle corruption.

https://newseu.cgtn.com/news/2021-07-15/Poland-rejects-EU-attempts-to-suspend-Supreme-Court-reforms-11TMvDYiuju/index.html

 

Green package unleashes criticism against von der Leyen inside the college

 15.7.2021

Some EU Commissioners expressed concerns on Wednesday (14 July) about the landmark ‘Fit for 55’ climate legislation package and criticised the way the massive initiative to transform the European economy was handled by the Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, various officials told EURACTIV.com.

Seven Commission insiders consulted for this story said that almost one-third of the Commissioners had expressed some concerns about the package or how it was pushed forward. The same sources also confirmed that Budget Commissioner Johannes Hahn had voted against it.

Officials said that, during the college meeting, Hahn expressed his full support for the ambition of the package but complained that there was no reference to the EU’s new own resources needed.

The new Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism to levy some imports and the EU’s expanded carbon market, two of the main proposals of the package, were expected to be part of the new own resources system to finance the recovery fund.

Commissioners unhappy with some aspects of the ‘Fit for 55’ initiative included some of the main sectors affected by the plan (Budget, Industry, Economy, Social Affairs) and came from the main political families (EPP, Socialists, Renew Europe), said a Commission official familiar with the situation.

In general, there was a shared frustration primarily about how the massive package of legislation intended to transform the energy consumption of companies and households was put together, the sources agreed.

Von der Leyen’s team was “more concerned about having a green flag with stars projected on the building than about wrapping up the deal well,” said one insider.

Another official, speaking on condition of anonymity, said that “the feeling of unease between the commissioners about the working method behind an initiative with such a big political and social impact reveals the flaws of the management skills of the President”.

But the discomfort had started boiling up well ahead of the meeting on Wednesday.

Three sources said that ‘red flags’ raised by some cabinets during the consultation phase were ignored. 

One of the officials noted that documents arrived “quite late”, some as late as last week. “You would have needed more time, and start consulting earlier,” the source explained.

As a result, cabinets and officials were racing against the clock over the weekend to finalise the details of the 13 initiatives included in the package.

Since Friday, there were four heads-of-cabinet meetings, some taking more than 12 hours. Some teams were working on the proposals until late in the night on Tuesday because von der Leyen wanted to have everything finalised before the college started.

The interviews the president gave while cabinets were still discussing the details was for some a clear sign that the opinion of her Commissioners was sidelined.

But the unease among the college members came not only from the process but also from the very substance of the legislative package.

A broadly shared concern was the social impact of the package on vulnerable groups, in particular in some member states, where families or industries are still heavily reliant on fossil fuels. 

Some cabinets questioned the inclusion of the road transport and buildings in the emissions trading system, one of the main novelties of the package. Others worried about the impact it will have on small and medium-sized companies.

“We agree with the climate goals, but the package is not mature enough in terms of details and the calendar,” one official said. 

Another source voiced doubt about whether the external dimension of the package and its impact on international trade was properly weighted.

The most controversial elements of the package, such as the carbon adjustment mechanism, the revised ETS or the phase out of petrol vehicles by 2035, were not the only ones to spark oposition.

Other segments also ruffled some feathers, including the forestry strategy in the case of Swedish Commissioner Ylva Johansson, given the vital importance of the forestry industry in her country.

Sources present during the college discussion said that almost everyone praised the package, “but had a point left or right they didn’t like, most of the time having nothing to do with their portfolio but a lot with domestic interests.”

According to the same sources, Commission vice-president Margaritis Schinas was surprised at some of the reactions heard in the room.

“When we decided for an emission reduction of 55% I opposed it, because I thought this was too much. But today I am surprised that colleagues who wanted the 55% now question the necessary steps to get there,” Schinas said, according to the sources.

The criticism against von der Leyen’s handling of one of the main legislative packages of her mandate came a few months after her cabinet was forced to backtrack on the activation of Article 16 of Northern Ireland Protocol that would have destabilise the island.

Officials complained at that time that von der Leyen had not consulted with key Commissioners on the last-minute inclusion of this clause during the vaccine dispute with the UK.

Her team also rejected the involvement of the Commission’s protocol services in the preparation of her trip to Turkey, where she was embarassingly left without a chair in a meeting with Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan.

“The now infamous ‘Sofagate’ “could have been avoided,” a Commission official told EURACTIV at the time.

https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy-environment/news/green-package-unleashes-criticism-against-von-der-leyen-inside-the-college/